Grid operators (TSOs) & electricity markets by country

Vertically integrated utility

• Da Afghanistan Breshna SherkatElectricity transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale market

• Kraftnät ÅlandTransmission system operator

Wholesale marketRegulator: ERE

• OSTTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: CREG

• Sonelgaz Transport électricité et Opérateur SystèmeTransmission and electricity system operator

Island system

• American Samoa Power AuthorityElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• FEDAElectricity utility and network operator

Single buyerRegulator: IRSEA

• Rede Nacional de Transporte — SAPP listingElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Anguilla Electricity CompanyElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Vertically integrated utility

• Antigua Public Utilities AuthorityGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: ENReGE

• CAMMESAElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: PSRC

• Electro Power Systems OperatorElectricity system operator

Island system

• N.V. ELMARElectricity distribution and supply utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: AER, AEMC

• AEMOSystem and market operator · National Electricity Market and Western Australian WEMSource for this listing

The NEM does not include Western Australia or the Northern Territory. AEMO runs the WEM in Western Australia's South West Interconnected System. Regional network owners and isolated systems are additional organisations.

Liberalised marketRegulator: E-Control

• Austrian Power GridTransmission system operatorSource for this listing
• Vorarlberger ÜbertragungsnetzTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: Energy Regulatory Agency

• AzerenerjiTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: URCA

• Bahamas Grid CompanyTransmission and distribution operator · New ProvidenceSource for this listing
• Bahamas Power and LightElectricity utility · Family Islands networks and electricity supplySource for this listing
• Grand Bahama Power CompanyIntegrated electricity utility · Grand BahamaSource for this listing

Bahamas Grid Company took responsibility for New Providence transmission and distribution in 2025. The Family Islands and Grand Bahama have different utility arrangements.

Vertically integrated utility

• GCC Interconnection AuthorityRegional interconnection operator · Cross-border GCC network; not the domestic grid operatorSource for this listing
• Electricity and Water AuthorityElectricity transmission and distribution operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: BERC

• Power Grid BangladeshTransmission grid company and load dispatch

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: FTC

• Barbados Light & PowerElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• BelenergoElectricity utility group and central dispatchSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: CREG, VREG, CWaPE, Brugel

• EliaTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: PUC

• Belize Electricity LimitedNational electricity grid utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ARE

• SBEE — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Island systemRegulator: Regulatory Authority

• Bermuda Electric Light CompanyElectricity transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Bhutan Power CorporationElectricity transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: AETN

• Comité Nacional de Despacho de CargaElectricity system dispatch coordinatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: SERC

• NOS BiHTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: BERA

• Botswana Power CorporationElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Wholesale marketRegulator: ANEEL

• ONSElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Island system

• British Virgin Islands Electricity CorporationElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Department of Electrical ServicesElectricity transmission and distribution departmentSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: EWRC

• ESOTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ARSE

• SONABELElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• REGIDESO — EAPP listingElectricity utility

Single buyerRegulator: EAC

• Electricité du CambodgeElectricity transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing
• Cambodia Power Transmission LinesTransmission-network concession operator · Northwestern Cambodia concessionSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ARSEL

• SONATRELElectricity transmission companySource for this listing

Mixed, by regionRegulator: Canada Energy Regulator, CAMPUT

• AESOIndependent system operator · Alberta
• IESOIndependent system operator · Ontario
• BC HydroProvincial electricity network utility · British Columbia; other utilities also operate

Canada is organised by province and territory. These are selected provincial references, not a single national grid operator or a complete list of Canadian utilities.

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARME

• ONSEC — official establishment referenceNational electricity system operator

ONSEC is identified separately from the former integrated Electra structure. The linked official gazette establishes the national system operator.

Island systemRegulator: ACM

• Water- en Energiebedrijf BonaireElectricity distribution utility · BonaireSource for this listing
• Statia Utility CompanyGeneration and electricity distribution utility · Sint EustatiusSource for this listing
• Saba Electric CompanyGeneration, transmission and distribution utility · SabaSource for this listing

Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba have separate electricity systems and utilities; these three links identify each island’s network provider.

Island systemRegulator: OfReg

• Caribbean Utilities CompanyGeneration, transmission and distribution utility · Grand CaymanSource for this listing

CUC’s documented system is on Grand Cayman. Electricity providers for Cayman Brac and Little Cayman are not yet included here.

Vertically integrated utility

• Énergie CentrafricaineElectricity network utility

Vertically integrated utility

• Société Nationale d’Électricité — project unitElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: CNE, SEC

• Coordinador Eléctrico NacionalElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: National Energy Administration

• State Grid Corporation of ChinaTransmission grid operator · State Grid service areaSource for this listing
• China Southern Power GridTransmission grid operator · Southern ChinaSource for this listing

China has more than one grid operator and several regional and provincial trading arrangements. The two groups listed here do not represent every local network.

Island system

• Indian Ocean Territories Power ServicePublic electricity generation and distribution service · Christmas IslandSource for this listing

Island system

• Indian Ocean Territories Power ServicePublic electricity generation and distribution service · Cocos (Keeling) IslandsSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: CREG

• XMElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• SONELECElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Énergie Électrique du CongoGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Te Aponga UiraElectricity utility · RarotongaSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARESEP

• ICE — División Operación y Control del Sistema EléctricoElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: HERA

• HOPSTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Unión Eléctrica — ARIAE listingElectricity-sector organisation — official regulatory reference

ARIAE verifies Unión Eléctrica as the source of electricity-sector legislation and links its official website. Detailed current network-operating responsibilities have not yet been independently documented in this directory.

Island system

• AqualectraGeneration and electricity distribution utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: CERA

• Cyprus TSOTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: ERÚ

• ČEPSTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: Danish Utility Regulator

• EnerginetTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Électricité de Djibouti — EAPP listingElectricity utility

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: IRC

• DOMLECElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: SIE

• ETEDElectricity transmission companySource for this listing
• Organismo CoordinadorElectricity system coordinatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARE

• SNELElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARCONEL

• CENACENational electricity system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: EgyptERA

• Egyptian Electricity Holding CompanyElectricity utility groupSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: SIGET

• Unidad de TransaccionesElectricity system operator

Vertically integrated utility

• SEGESA — government referenceElectricity network utility

Vertically integrated utility

• Eritrean Electricity Corporation — government referenceElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

The African Development Bank’s project appraisal identifies EEC as the generation, transmission and distribution utility. A direct utility website has not yet been verified; the main link is a government reference.

Liberalised marketRegulator: Competition Authority

• EleringTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ESERA

• Eswatini Electricity CompanyElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: Petroleum and Energy Authority

• Ethiopian Electric PowerGeneration and transmission utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Falkland Islands Government — Power and Electrical SectionPublic electricity generation and network service · Stanley electricity system

The government reference covers the Stanley electricity system. Remote settlements and other isolated systems are not comprehensively listed.

Island system

• SEVIsland electricity utility and network operator

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: FCCC

• Energy Fiji LimitedElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: Energy Authority

• FingridTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: CRE

• RTETransmission system operatorSource for this listing

RTE covers the metropolitan transmission system. Island and overseas systems have separate arrangements.

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF GuyaneElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Électricité de TahitiElectricity utility · Tahiti and its service areasSource for this listing

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Vertically integrated utility

• Société d’Énergie et d’Eau du GabonElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: PURA

• NAWEC — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Wholesale marketRegulator: GNERC

• Georgian State ElectrosystemTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: Bundesnetzagentur

• TransnetBWTransmission system operatorSource for this listing
• TenneT GermanyTransmission system operatorSource for this listing
• AmprionTransmission system operatorSource for this listing
• 50HertzTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Germany has four transmission system operators; the organisation relevant to a station depends on its grid connection.

Single buyerRegulator: PURC, Energy Commission

• GRIDCoElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Gibraltar Electricity AuthorityGeneration, transmission and distribution authority

Liberalised marketRegulator: RAAEY

• IPTO / ADMIETransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• NukissiorfiitPublic electricity and water utility

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: PURC

• GRENLECElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF Archipel GuadeloupeElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: Guam PUC

• Guam Power AuthorityElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: CNEE

• Administrador del Mercado MayoristaElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: GCRA

• Guernsey ElectricityIsland electricity utility · Guernsey; other Bailiwick islands have separate utilitiesSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Électricité de GuinéeElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• EAGB — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: PUC

• Guyana Power & LightGeneration, transmission and distribution utility · Main coastal service areaSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ANARSE

• Électricité d’Haïti — government listingGeneration, transmission and distribution utility

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Wholesale marketRegulator: CREE

• ENEE — Centro Nacional de DespachoElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• CLP Power Hong KongElectricity network utility · CLP service territorySource for this listing
• HK ElectricElectricity network utility · Hong Kong Island and Lamma IslandSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: MEKH

• MAVIRTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: National Energy Authority

• LandsnetTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: CERC, Forum of Regulators

• Grid Controller of IndiaNational and regional electricity system operationSource for this listing

GRID-INDIA operates national and regional dispatch centres. State load dispatch centres, transmission owners and additional power exchanges have separate roles.

Vertically integrated utility

• PLNElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Iran Grid Management CompanyElectricity grid and market managementSource for this listing

The role is described by IGMC’s own organisational profile. Its direct website may be intermittently unavailable; the source link remains available separately.

Vertically integrated utility

• Ministry of Electricity — transmission and dispatch referenceFederal electricity authority and network companies · Federal system; regional arrangements are not comprehensively listedSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: CRU

• EirGridTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• Manx UtilitiesElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: Electricity Authority

• NogaIndependent electricity system operator

Liberalised marketRegulator: ARERA

• TernaTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ANARE-CI

• CIEElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: OUR

• Jamaica Public ServiceElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: EGC

• TEPCO Power GridRegional transmission and distribution operator · Tokyo regionSource for this listing
• OCCTOCross-regional coordination of transmission operators

Japan has ten general transmission and distribution companies. TEPCO is a regional example; OCCTO coordinates across regions. This is not a complete list of Japan's network operators.

Island system

• Jersey ElectricityElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: EMRC

• NEPCOElectricity system and transmission operator

Wholesale marketRegulator: Committee for the Regulation of Natural Monopolies

• KEGOCTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: EPRA

• KETRACOElectricity transmission companySource for this listing
• Kenya PowerElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Public Utilities BoardElectricity utility · South TarawaSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: ERO

• KOSTTTransmission, system and market operator

Vertically integrated utility

• GCC Interconnection AuthorityRegional interconnection operator · Cross-border GCC network; not the domestic grid operatorSource for this listing
• Ministry of Electricity — Transmission Networks SectorElectricity transmission-network department

Vertically integrated utility

• National Electric Grid of KyrgyzstanElectricity system, transmission and distribution operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Electricité du Laos — government referenceElectricity network utility

EDL is a network-utility reference. EDL-T separately operates high-voltage transmission facilities; a direct EDL-T listing is not yet verified here.

Liberalised marketRegulator: SPRK

• ASTTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Électricité du LibanGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: LEWA

• Lesotho Electricity CompanyElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: LERC

• Liberia Electricity Corporation — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Vertically integrated utility

• GECOLElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Liechtensteinische KraftwerkeElectricity network utility

Liberalised marketRegulator: VERT

• LitgridTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: ILR

• Creos LuxembourgTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Companhia de Electricidade de MacauElectricity network and dispatch utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ORE

• JIRAMAGeneration and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: MERA

• ESCOMElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: Energy Commission

• Grid System OperatorElectricity system operator · Peninsular Malaysia

Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak have different electricity arrangements. These links cover the peninsula; they are not the operators for every Malaysian grid.

Island systemRegulator: Utility Regulatory Authority

• State Electric CompanyElectricity network utility · STELCO-operated island networks, including Greater MaléSource for this listing

The Maldives has separate island networks and several electricity providers. STELCO is a selected reference, not the operator for every island.

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: CREE

• EDM-SAElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: REWS

• EnemaltaElectricity distribution network operator

Island system

• Marshalls Energy CompanyElectricity utilitySource for this listing
• Kwajalein Atoll Joint Utility ResourceElectricity utility · EbeyeSource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF MartiniqueElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARE

• SOMELEC — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Single buyerRegulator: URA

• Central Electricity BoardTransmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• Électricité de MayotteElectricity network and system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: CNE

• CENACEElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• Chuuk Public Utility CorporationElectricity utility · ChuukSource for this listing
• Kosrae Utilities AuthorityElectricity utility · KosraeSource for this listing
• Pohnpei Utilities CorporationElectricity utility · PohnpeiSource for this listing
• Yap State Public Service CorporationElectricity utility · YapSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: ANRE

• MoldelectricaTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• SMEGDistribution network operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ERC

• National Dispatching Center — regulator referenceElectricity dispatch and system operation

Wholesale marketRegulator: REGAGEN

• CGESTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• Montserrat Utilities LimitedElectricity utility groupSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ANRE

• ONEE — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARENE

• Electricidade de Moçambique — SAPP listingElectricity network utility

Vertically integrated utility

• Department of Electric Power Transmission & System ControlElectricity transmission and system-control department

Single buyerRegulator: Electricity Control Board

• NamPowerElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Nauru Utilities CorporationElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ERC

• Nepal Electricity Authority — Transmission DirectorateElectricity transmission utility

Liberalised marketRegulator: ACM

• TenneT NetherlandsTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• EnercalElectricity utilitySource for this listing
• Électricité et Eau de CalédonieElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: Electricity Authority, Commerce Commission

• TranspowerNational grid owner and system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: INE

• ENATREL — Centro Nacional de Despacho de CargaElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ARSE

• NIGELEC — WAPP listingElectricity network utility

Wholesale marketRegulator: NERC

• Nigerian Independent System Operator — WAPP listingIndependent system operator

Island system

• Niue Power Corporation — PPA listingElectricity utility

Island system

• Norfolk Island Electricity — Regional CouncilElectricity generation and network service

Vertically integrated utility

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Wholesale marketRegulator: ERC

• MEPSOTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• Commonwealth Utilities CorporationElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: RME (NVE)

• StatnettTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: APSR

• GCC Interconnection AuthorityRegional interconnection operator · Cross-border GCC network; not the domestic grid operatorSource for this listing
• Oman Electricity Transmission CompanyElectricity transmission and dispatch operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: NEPRA

• Independent System and Market OperatorElectricity system operator

Island system

• Palau Public Utilities CorporationElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: PERC

• Palestinian Electricity Transmission CompanyElectricity transmission company and bulk purchaser

PETL is the national transmission-company reference. This does not imply one fully interconnected system or describe every local provider, including arrangements in Gaza.

Wholesale marketRegulator: ASEP

• ETESATransmission company and national dispatch

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ICCC

• PNG PowerElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• ANDEElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: OSINERGMIN

• COESInterconnected electricity system coordinatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: ERC

• National Grid Corporation of the PhilippinesTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Liberalised marketRegulator: URE

• PSETransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: ERSE

• RENTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: Puerto Rico Energy Bureau

• LUMA EnergyElectricity transmission and distribution system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyer

• GCC Interconnection AuthorityRegional interconnection operator · Cross-border GCC network; not the domestic grid operatorSource for this listing
• KAHRAMAAElectricity transmission and distribution operator

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF RéunionElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: ANRE

• TranselectricaTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: Federal Antimonopoly Service

• System Operator of the Unified Power SystemElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: RURA

• Rwanda Energy GroupElectricity utility groupSource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF — Saint-Barthélemy serviceElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Connect Saint HelenaElectricity network utility · Saint Helena islandSource for this listing

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a statistical territory containing separate island systems. Connect’s entry applies to Saint Helena only.

Vertically integrated utility

• SKELECGeneration, transmission and distribution utility · Saint KittsSource for this listing
• NEVLECGeneration, transmission and distribution utility · NevisSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: NURC

• LUCELECGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF — Saint-Martin serviceElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island systemRegulator: CRE

• EDF Saint-Pierre-et-MiquelonElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• VINLECElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: Office of the Regulator

• Electric Power CorporationElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• AASSElectricity distribution utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Empresa de Água e ElectricidadeElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: SERA

• National Grid SAElectricity transmission operatorSource for this listing
• GCC Interconnection AuthorityRegional interconnection operator · Cross-border GCC network; not the domestic grid operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: CRSE

• SENELECElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: AERS

• EMSTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: Seychelles Energy Commission

• Public Utilities CorporationElectricity network utility · Mahé, Praslin and La DigueSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: EWRC

• EDSADistribution and supply utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: EMA

• Energy Market Authority — Power System OperatorElectricity system operator

Island system

• N.V. GEBEGeneration and electricity distribution utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: ÚRSO

• SEPSTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: Energy Agency

• ELESTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• Solomon PowerElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• BECOElectricity transmission and distribution utility · South Central Somalia service areasSource for this listing

Somalia has multiple electricity providers and separate networks. BECO is a regional reference, not a single national grid operator; EAPP is a regional cooperation body.

Single buyerRegulator: NERSA

• National Transmission Company South AfricaTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Single buyerRegulator: Korea Electricity Commission

• Korea Power ExchangeElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

Island system

• South Sudan Electricity Corporation — EAPP listingElectricity utility

Liberalised marketRegulator: CNMC

• Red EléctricaTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: PUCSL

• National System OperatorElectricity system operatorSource for this listing

The National System Operator commenced operations in March 2026 following the restructuring of the Ceylon Electricity Board.

Vertically integrated utility

• Sudanese Electricity Transmission Company — EAPP listingElectricity transmission company

Vertically integrated utility

• N.V. Energiebedrijven SurinameGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Svalbard EnergiLocal electricity network utility · Longyearbyen onlySource for this listing

Svalbard and Jan Mayen is a statistical territory, not one interconnected electricity grid. This reference is specifically for Longyearbyen; it does not cover every settlement or Jan Mayen.

Liberalised marketRegulator: Ei

• Svenska kraftnätTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: ElCom

• SwissgridTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Syrian Electricity Company — establishment referenceState electricity utility group

Decree 45 of April 2026 establishes the Syrian Electricity Company, replacing the former generation and transmission/distribution establishments. This is an official establishment reference, not a complete inventory of all local electricity arrangements.

Vertically integrated utility

• Taiwan Power CompanyGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Shabakahoi Intiqoli Barq — ministry referenceElectricity transmission companySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: EWURA

• TANESCOElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ERC

• EGATGeneration, transmission and system operationSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Electricidade de Timor-LesteGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ARSE

• CEETElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Island system

• Tokelau Department of Energy — island-system referencePublic energy authority and local island-system coordinationSource for this listing

Tokelau’s official energy policy assigns ownership, operation and maintenance of local electricity systems to the three Taupulega, with national technical and policy support. These are separate island systems, not a single inter-island grid.

Island system

• Tonga PowerElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: RIC

• Trinidad and Tobago Electricity CommissionTransmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• STEGGeneration, transmission and distribution utilitySource for this listing

Liberalised marketRegulator: EPDK

• TEİAŞElectricity transmission operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Türkmenenergo — energy ministry listingState electricity utility group

Island system

• FortisTCI and Turks and Caicos UtilityGeneration, transmission and distribution utility group · FortisTCI and TCU service territories across the archipelagoSource for this listing

Island system

• Tuvalu Electricity CorporationElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: ERA

• Uganda Electricity Transmission CompanyElectricity transmission companySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: NEURC

• UkrenergoTransmission system operatorSource for this listing

Single buyerRegulator: Department of Energy, RSB Dubai

• GCC Interconnection AuthorityRegional interconnection operator · Cross-border GCC network; not the domestic grid operatorSource for this listing
• TAQA TransmissionElectricity transmission company · Abu Dhabi transmission networkSource for this listing
• Dubai Electricity and Water AuthorityElectricity transmission and distribution utility · DubaiSource for this listing

Electricity arrangements differ by emirate. These are selected network organisations; GCCIA operates regional interconnection rather than every domestic grid.

Liberalised marketRegulator: Ofgem, Utility Regulator

• SONITransmission system operator · Northern IrelandSource for this listing
• NESOElectricity system operator · Great Britain

Great Britain and Northern Ireland have separate system operators and wholesale market arrangements. Network owners and local distribution companies are additional organisations.

Mixed, by regionRegulator: FERC, NERC, NARUC

• CAISORegional system operator · California and participating western marketsSource for this listing
• ERCOTRegional system operator · Most of TexasSource for this listing
• ISO New EnglandRegional system operator · New EnglandSource for this listing
• MISORegional system operator · Midcontinent regionSource for this listing
• NYISORegional system operator · New YorkSource for this listing
• PJMRegional system operator · Mid-Atlantic and parts of the MidwestSource for this listing
• Southwest Power PoolRegional system operator · Central US and participating western areasSource for this listing

The United States has multiple regional systems, balancing authorities and utility territories. These seven ISO/RTO links do not cover every US utility or grid. ERCOT has a different jurisdictional framework from the other six.

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Island systemRegulator: Public Services Commission

• Virgin Islands Water and Power AuthorityGeneration and electricity distribution utilitySource for this listing

Wholesale marketRegulator: URSEA

• ADMEElectricity system and dispatch operatorSource for this listing

Single buyer

• National Electric Grid of UzbekistanElectricity transmission operatorSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: URA

• UNELCOElectricity utility · Its concession areas; other island utilities also operateSource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

• Directorate of Infrastructure and ServicesPublic infrastructure authority — electrical installations

The official reference assigns responsibility for electrical installations to this directorate. It is not presented as an independent transmission system operator or power exchange.

Vertically integrated utility

• CORPOELEC — official national reportGeneration, transmission and distribution utility

Single buyer

• NSMO — national system and market operationElectricity system operator — official establishment reference

NSMO was separated from EVN in 2024. This link documents the new organisation; EVN is not labelled as the current national system operator.

Island system

• Électricité et Eau de Wallis-et-FutunaElectricity utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utility

A domestic network-operator listing has not yet been verified here.

Vertically integrated utility

• Public Electricity Corporation — ministry referencePublic electricity service organisation · Sana’a-based ministry referenceSource for this listing

Electricity provision is fragmented. This Sana’a-based public-service reference does not represent every local provider or a single unified national grid.

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ERB

• ZESCOElectricity network utilitySource for this listing

Vertically integrated utilityRegulator: ZERA

• ZETDCElectricity network utilitySource for this listing